Hovora

JOURNAL OF THE

NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB

Conducted and published for the Club, by MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD, Editor-in-Chief

ALBERT FREDERICK HILL STUART KIMBALL HARRIS Associate Editors RALPH CARLETON BEAN

VOLUME 51

1949

The New England Botanical Club, Ince.

8 and 10 West King St., Lancaster, Pa. Botanical Museum, Oxford St., Cambridge 38, Mass.

Hovora

JOURNAL OF THE

NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB

Conducted and published for the Club, by MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD, Editor-in-Chief

CHARLES ALFRED WEATHERBY ALBERT FREDERICK HILL Associate Editors STUART KIMBALL HARRIS

Vol. 51. January, 1949, No. 601. CONTENTS:

Some Notes on Echinochloa. Norman C. Fassett. .............. 1

Two Species of Oxybaphus in Indiana. Edwin D. Hull. ......... 3

Zoochlorella conductrix occurring in New Brunswick Symbiotically with Ophrydium. Herbert Habeeb and John J. Caldwell... 4

An abbreviated Flora of Maine (Review). M.L. F. Juncus Greenei and Rhus glabra in Quebec. Marcel Raymond. 9 Salicornia europaea in Illinois. Glen S. Winterringer. ....... eet |

Notes on four Virginia Plants. Lena Artz. .................... 12

The New England Botanical Club, Ine.

8 and 10 West King St., Lancaster, Pa. Botanical Museum, Oxford St., Cambridge 38, Mass.

RHODORA. —4 monthly journal of botany, devoted primarily to the flora of the Gray's Manual Range and regions floristically related. Price, $4.00 per year, net, postpaid, in funds payable at par in United States currency in Boston; single copies (if available) of not more than 24 pages and with 1 plate, 40 cents, numbers of more than 24 pages or with more than 1 plate mostly at higher prices (see 3rd cover- page). Volumes 1-9 can be supplied at $4.00, 10-34 at $3.00, and volumes 35—46 at $4.00. Some single numbers from these volumes can be supplied only at ad- vanced prices (see 3rd cover-page). Somewhat reduced rates for complete sets can be obtained on application to Dr. Hill. Notes and short scientific papers, relating directly or indirectly to the plants of the northeastern states, will be considered for publication to the extent that the limited space of the journal permits. Forms may be closed five weeks in advance of publication. Authors (of more than two pages of print) will receive 15 copies of the issue in which their contributions appear, if they request them when returning proof. Extracted reprints, if ordered in ad. vance, will be furnished at cost.

Address manuscripts and proofs to M. L. Fernald, 14 Hawthorn Street, Cambridge 38, Mass.

Subscriptions (making all remittances payable to RHODORA) to

Dr. A. F. Hill, 8 W. King St., Lancaster, Pa., or, preferably, Botanical Museum, Oxford St., Cambridge 38, Mass.

Entered as second-class matter March 9, 1929, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY Specialists in Scientific and Technical Publications EIGHT WEST KING ST., LANCASTER, PA.

MEMOIRS OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM. A series of illustrated quarto papers issued at irregular intervals, sold separately

No. I. A Monograph of the Genus Brickellia, by B. L. Robinson. 150 pp. 96 fig. 1917. $3.00.

No. III. The Linear-leaved North American Species of Potamogeton, Section Axillares, by M. L. Fernald. 183 pp., 40 plates, 31 maps. 1932. $3.00.

No. IV. The Myrtaceous Genus Syzygium Gaertner in Borneo, by E. D. Merrill and L. M. Perry. 68 pp. 1939. $1.50.

No. V. The Old World Species of the Celastraceous Genus Microtropis Wallich, by E. D. Merrill and F. L. Freeman. 40 pp. 1940. $1.00.

Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Mass.

‘IRbodora

JOURNAL OF

THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB

Vol. 51. January, 1949. No. 601.

SOME NOTES ON ECHINOCHLOA

NorMAN C. FASSETT

THE native North American Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) Rydb. was differentiated, under the name E. muricata (Michx.) Fernald, from the introduced E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv., by Fernald, Ruo- DORA xvii. 106 (1915) and by Wiegand, RHopora xxiii. 50—52 (1921). The characters separating them were largely quantita- tive; E. muricata was described as having the spikelets more bristly and the tip of the coriaceous lemma firmer than in E. crusgalli. Further to blur the differences between the species, two varieties of E. muricata were described by Wiegand, char- acterized by having less bristly spikelets.

It is therefore reassuring to observe a definite and qualitative, though minute, difference. In E. crusgalli the tip of the coria- ceous lemma is dark, dull, wrinkled and sharply differentiated from the smooth lustrous body of the lemma; the lustrous portion bears, just below the junction with the wrinkled tip, a ring of minute setae. These setae are about the size of the smallest pubescence on the glumes and sterile lemma, and their detection requires considerable magnification. In E. pungens (E. muricata) the texture of the fertile lemma blends gradually from the smooth lustrous bedy to the dull wrinkled tip without a line of demarkation and without a ring of setae, although the distal portion of the withered tip is sometime setulose.

All of the European material of E. crusgalli in the Gray Herbarium was found to have the ring of setulae on the coriaceous lemma. Identifications of most North American collections,

2 Rhodora [JANUARY

separated into E. crusgalli and E. pungens, appear correct, with an unfortunate exception. A collection from Grand Tower, Illinois, H. A. Gleason 1720, with rather small and only slightly bristly spikelets, has a ring of setae on the coriaceous lemma, and is E. crusgalli. This sheet is the Tyre of E. muricata var. occidentalis Wiegand, and so the basis of E. pungens var. occiden- talis (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom, Ruopona xxxvii. 137 (1935) and of E. occidentalis (Wiegand) Rydberg, Brittonia i. 82 (1931). Wiegand's variety is good, and all his cited specimens clearly belong with it, excepting only the type. But the name must stand or fall with the type; E. muricata var. occidentalis becomes a synonym of E. crusgalli and a new name must be applied to the concept described by Wiegand.

EcuHrNocHLOA PUNGENS (Poir. Rydb., var. Wiegandii nom. nov. €E. muricata var. occidentalis Wiegand, RHopona xxiii. 58 (1921), as to description and cited specimens except the TYPE. As TYPE of var. Wiegand the following may be specified: sandy roadside, Hayden Island, Oregon, September 8, 1915, J. C. Nelson 1974, in the Gray Herbarium.

Professor Wiegand's treatment of the subdivisions of Æ. muricata recognizes essentially four recombinations of two sets of characters, involving the size and the armature of spikelets. Typical E. muricata (now typical E. pungens) has large bristly spikelets; var. ludoviciana has large less bristly spikelets; ‘‘var. occidentalis" (E. pungens var. Wiegandiz) has smaller less bristly spikelets; and vars. microstachya and multiflora have small spikelets with many spreading bristles with swollen bases. Those who, like the present writer, are impressed with the long- acuminate spikelets (multiflora-like) and the long panicles reaching 30 or 35 cm. in specimens of var. microstachya from the northern states, and so find themselves unable to distinguish var. multiflora from var. microstachya, may unite them under the name var. microstachya.

The more recently described E. pungens var. coarctata Fernald & Griscom, RHODORA xxxvii. 136 (1935), “differs from the other described varieties in having the sterile lemma glabrous or merely puberulent on the back, with the bullate-based spicules few and marginal or very rarely on the keel." This is precisely the dis- tribution of spicules on most material of typical E. pungens,

1949] Hull,—Two Species of Oxybaphus in Indiana 3

from which the writer is unable to separate the type specimen of var. coarctata. A second sheet determined as this variety, from Cornland, Norfolk Co., Virginia, Fernald & Long 13881, is quite different in aspect; its narrowly ellipsoid coriaceous lemma, awned second glumes, and slightly hispid sheaths place it with E. Walteri.

In E. colonum and E. frumentacea the coriaceous lemma has a ring of setae closely resembling that of E. crusgalli. E. zelayensis and E. Walteri lack the ring of setae.

In E. crus-pavonis and its var. decipiens! the tip of the coria- ceous lemma is a little more sharply demarked from the lustrous body than in E. pungens, but there is no ring of setae. Æ. crus- pavonis has been much confused with E. crusgalli but the two may be readily separated by this character. E. crus-pavonis proves to be much more common in South America than is E. crusgalli: in fact there are in the Gray Herbarium but two sheets of the latter (both from Argentina) as against more than 30 of E. crus-pavonis, most of which had originally been labelled as E. crusgalli. In Mexico, E. crusgalli seems to be present but less common than E. crus-pavonis.

DEPARTMENT OF BorANY, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN.

Two SPECIES OF OxvBAPHUS IN INDIANA.—Both of these are included in Deam’s “Excluded Species" in his “Flora of Indiana", each having been reported but once, and that long ago. O. linearis I found in considerable quantity in open rather sterile soil on the Nickel Plate Railroad east of Hobart in Lake Co., very near Porter Co. Deam says: “Reported in 1902 by Dorner as established along the Wabash Railroad near Lafayette." This is well over 100 miles from Hobart. I have known the species in the Hobart locality for many years, and, while it has not spread any considerable distance, it seems to be thoroughly established.

O. hirsutus Deam says was "reported to Coulter for Jenkins as found in Wabash Co." This station, while nearer Hobart than the preceding, is stil a considerable distance away. This species I found in the same locality as O. linearis, and like it, it

! E. crus-Pavonis (HBK.) Schult., var. decipiens (Wiegand) n. comb. E. echinata var. decipiens Wiegand, Ruopora xxiii. 61 (1921).

4 Rhodora [JANUARY

was in flower July 14, 1948. Plants are not so numerous, but are scattered over the area, and seem to be established.

Plants of both species have been sent to the Gray Herbarium.— Epwin D. Hutt, Gary, Indiana.

ZOOCHLORELLA CONDUCTRIX OCCURRING IN NEW BRUNSWICK SYMBIOTICALLY WITH OPHRYDIUM

HERBERT HABEEB AND JOHN J. CALDWELL

WHILE collecting Algae in the ledge-pools near the falls at Grand Falls, New Brunswick, one pool was found to contain delicate, green, jelly-like balls and clouds of what appeared macroscopically to be another member of Tetrasporaceae. On microscopic examination the specimens proved to be an infu- sorian with an included alga. They were identified as respec- tively, Ophrydium sp. (probably versatile) and Zoochlorella conductrix Brandt.

F. S. Collins in the Green Algae of North America (Tufts College Studies. Scientific series. 2: 79-480. 1909) lists two species of Zoochlorella and separates them as follows:

Cells 3-6 microns diameter... n.a anaana aana aaa. Z. conductriz Cells 1.5-3 microns diameter... oaa auauna. Z. parasitica

Collins also mentions that Z. conductrix occurs in tissues of Hydra and allied freshwater organisms, while Z. parasitica Brandt occurs in tissues of Spongilla, in Ophrydium and in other freshwater organisms.

Measurements show that the Zoochlorella in our specimens average about 5 microns in diameter; placing the alga in Zoochlo- rella conductrix. This seems to indicate that the differences between Z. conductrix and Z. parasitica are slight or that Ophry- dium is impartial as a host.

The Ophrydium stretched out in action measured up to 350 microns in length, the narrowest part of the neck, as small as 20 microns in diameter, while the thickest part of the body measured up to 43 microns in diameter. The colonies grew to a diameter of 10 cm. and were free-floating or on the bottom of the pool, depending on oxygen production. As we are unable to determine the Ophyrdium down to species, figures are appended for future reference.

1949] M. L. F.,—An abbreviated Flora of Maine 5

) STO of wo o * oco LE

5 ' o o 3 eer see

K—— 100M»

UNIDENTIFIED OPHRYDIUM

Specimens numbered Habeeb 10585 and 10743 are deposited in the Cryptogamic Herbarium, Chicago Natural History Museum and in the collections of Herbert Habeeb. The Cryptogamic Herbarium, Chicago Natural History Museum, will distribute the duplicates.

It may be of interest to note that Zoochlorella parasitica has been reported from southern Quebec by C. W. Lowe in the Pro- ceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. III, 31 (sV): 291-316. 1927. Dr. Francis Drouet informed us that there are specimens labelled Z. parasitica in the Cryptogamic Herbarium, Chicago Natural History Museum, from our general vicinity. Marne: edge of Wood's Pond, vicinity of Blue Hill, Hancock Co., Wm. R. Mazon 11235, 25 Aug. 1946. QUEBEC: small woodland pond, west branch of Mont Louis River, M. L. Fernald, C. W. Dodge, and L. B. Smith 2250, 30 July 1923.

GRAND FALLS, NEw BRUNSWICK.

AN ABBREVIATED FLORA oF Matne.—The Josselyn Botanical Society of Maine has just issued a very handy Check-list of the Vascular Plants of Maine!. ‘Responsibility for the groups included are: Steinmetz for the grasses and sedges, Hyland for the woody plants, Edith B. Ogden for the ferns, and Ogden for the other groups.” Such a division of responsibility leads, naturally, to different standards and divergent treatments. What some would call distinct others, with different outlook, will not; groups which some admit others, in parallel cases, exclude. For instance, "Plants now

1E, C, OGDEN, STEINMETZ, F. H. AND Hywtanp, F. Check-list of the Vascular Plants of Maine. Josselyn Bot. Soc. Me., Bull. no. 8. 70 pp., Orono, Me., August, 1948. To be obtained for 50c from Dr. F. H. STEINMETZ, Coburn Hall, Univ. of Me., Orono, Maine.

6 Rhodora [JANUARY

considered to be a part of our flora, whether native or naturalized, are indicated by plus (+) signs in the column for each county where found. Those plants growing on wool-waste, ballast, abandoned gardens, and other habitats where they may not yet be part of our flora but show indications of becoming so are indicated by minus (—) signs." That is well as a principle; but, having spent all or parts of his summers botanizing in Maine for at least 30 years, the present writer finds, unfortunately, that it cannot be applied without pretty full understanding, which here seems sometimes not complete. The entries in the Check-list total 2702, but, somewhat surprisingly, this total includes the PLANTED TREES, such as Gingko biloba, Abies concolor, Pinus M ugo, Sciadopitys verticillata, Gymnocladus dioica, etc., etc. To most people foreign plants pur- posely planted and not usually spreading into the wild would seem out of place in what the first line of the Foreword calls the ‘‘native and adventive" plants of the state. If the planted trees belong in such a list, surely planted Philadelphus, Weigelia and other popular shrubs of the garden-border, the scores and scores of hardy perennials (Crocus, Delphinium, Paeonia, Digitalis, etc.) and the "short and simple annuals of the poor" (China-Aster, Cosmos, Eschscholzia, etc.) should not be excluded.

The attempt in a brief summary in columns for the 16 counties to say what is “a part of our flora", what merely casual on **wool-waste", ete., while in the main logical, in practice often leads to some disappointments. Thus Cynoglossum boreale is entered as a species which “may not yet be part of our flora". It is, however, a woodland type, occurring in Canadian forest across the continent. The labels of specimens in the Gray Herbarium and that of the New England Botanical Club, from Maine and adjacent regions, which indicate habitats, read as follows: sandy alluvial woods, beneath larches (TYPE); coniferous woods; alluvial soil (Fort Kent); roadside (Houlton); woods (Orono); open woods, sandy soil (South Chesterville); dry soil on an esker (Chesterville); gravelly soil (Chesterville Ridge); woods; rich woods. Again, the very definite Populus tremuloides, var. magnifica, with so many characters that it surprises one that someone has not called it a species, is entered in this category of doubtfully established plants. Try to uproot it! When the present writer first met it, as an extensive grove of the largest trees he had ever seen of P. tremuloides, on the north bank of the Aroostook River, he made special notes on its unusual bark, branchlets, etc., as something noteworthy. In fact, all the labels of Maine material in the two herbaria before him indicate the collectors’ belief that the tree is both indigenous and firmly established: river-bank (Fort Fairfield); river-bank (Orono); open woods and fields (Deer Isle); mixed woods (Lincolnville); shore and roadside (Isle au Haut—many sheets from several stations collected as something noteworthy); wooded river-bank (Bowdoinham). The firm status in the flora of Bromus Kalmii and Triplasis purpurea is doubted, although both of them have been collected in their typical habitats at one or more stations which connect very closely with their more extensive areas farther west or south. The habitats of the Bromus, as given on the labels, are “sandy woods, Oxford" and “Sand-plain, Newfield”, such statements of habitat coinciding with those of specimens from New Hampshire and other parts of interior New England: "sandy wooded terrace", “rocky woods”, “dry, thin woods", “dry rocks", “sand-plain” “dry soil of thicket”, ete. Similarly, T'riplasis, charac- teristic of coastal sands and abundant wherever found from the South to southern Maine, was collected by the late Walter Deane, “prostrate in sand, 416 feet in diam.”, at York Harbor. A few miles away, at Rye, Little Harbor (repeatedly collected), thence via Salisbury Beach and. Ipswich, it abounds on maritime sands to all points south. Why are not these two native species reaching their natural eastern or northern limits in southwestern Maine, just as do scores of other plants?

While on this slippery subject of deciding what is really a part of the flora, what perhaps not, we may check some plants which are admitted without question to the dignity of a + sign. Most so dignified plants are unques-

1949] M. L. F.,—An abbreviated Flora of Maine ‘|

tioned; but the plus-sign for such species as Deschampsia elongata, Chenopo- dium graveolens and Collomia linearis might, by those who know their broad natural ranges, be seriously questioned. The Deschampsia is native from the Rocky Mts. westward; the Chenopodium of the southwestern United States, Mexico and South America; the Collomia of the Gaspé region and western North America. It is, then, quite as one would expect to find that the + for Deschampsia elongata is based on a collection made by Parlin in 1896 and labeled "wool-waste, local, North Berwick"; Chenopodium graveolens marked "North Berwick, Sept., 1903"; and Collomia linearis from "ballast", Presque Isle, and from *wool-waste" and from “old field: plant probably originating from wool-waste", North Berwick. Surely if any species qualify as "growing on wool-waste, ballast" and meriting the minus ( —) sign" these seem perfect cases.

Incidentally, one notices, just before Triplasis, the entry, under Tragus, T. racemosus from York County. The very trifling representation of the genus in the state could have been doubled. One year Parlin got T. racemosus; another year, T. Berteronianus Schultes, also from “around wool-waste" at North Berwick. |

In fact, in spite of the evident effort to see and check everything, to the point that names published in Ruopora as late as August 16, 1948, won their places, further search in RHODORA and elsewhere will reveal many additions to the Check-list. These need not here be recorded but memoranda will be supplied to the authors, who ask for such coóperation. On the other hand, some entries may need dropping or alteration. There are about 50 of these which, it is hoped, will be reconsidered before the publication of the projected state-flora. Four cases will make clear such need.

OPHIOGLOssUM VULGATUM. The plant of acid to mediacid peat or wet sand in Maine is var. pseudopodum (Blake) Farwell, discussed in detail and illus- trated in RnHopoRa, xli. 495 et seq., pl. 572 (1939). This eastern North American var. pseudopodum is very unlike the true Eurasian plant (see dis- cussion, l. c. and plate 571). If it is felt that no recognition of geographic varieties in this semicosmopolitan species should be made (following the belief of Clausen, rather than that of Nuttall, Gray, Beck, E. G. Britton, Christensen, Clute, Hultén and others), then the varieties and forms of Botry- chium, Athyrium and other wide-ranging and variable species should be omitted.

PUCCINELLIA PUMILA (Vasey) Hitchc. In RHopona, xxxvi, 346-348 (1934), it was shown that this combination rests upon a wholly inadequate basis. The plant of the Maine coast is P. paupercula (Holm) Fern. & Weath., var. alaskana (Scribn. & Merr.) Fern. & Weath.

SALIX PETIOLARIS Sm. In Ruopora, xlviii. 47, 48 (1946), it was shown that, following Pursh (a notorious drunkard who made scores of confusions), American botanists have been misapplying this name. Smith's species (or hybrid) was a tree or coarse shrub of Europe, well illustrated by him and others of his time, which has nothing to do with our slender shrub, S. gracilis Anders. "The facts that Pursh blundered and that some present-day students put greater emphasis on what they erroneously learned than upon careful typification of names do not alter the fundamental points.

PorLEMoNIUM VaN-BnuwTIAE Britton. The record entered is for Knox County. In the herbarium of the New England Botanical Club there is a thoroughly characteristic specimen from Matinieus, Knox County, collected by the late C. A. E. Long, of old-fashioned Jacob's-ladder, correctly identified as the European P. caeruleum L. and labelled "spreading in old cemetery". Was this the basis of the record? The very different P. Van-Bruntiae is a localized native in bogs, wet woods and mountain-ravines from Vermont and New York to Maryland and West Virginia.

These four cases out of twelve times as many indicate that there is yet a great deal of work to be done in rechecking many entries. It is also evident

8 Rhodora [JANUARY

that in this, as in all other state-lists, it is important that the authors under- stand the broad natural ranges of the species which extend into the local area from north, south, east or west. Without the broad natural ranges in mind the local occurrence of less usual plants is likely to be misinterpreted. Cases of this kind have been noted. Another, which perhaps needs investigation, is that of Sisyrinchium albidum, entered with a plus-sign. The natural range of the species is from Georgia to Louisiana, north to North Carolina, southern Ontario, Ohio, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin and Missouri; but in 1898 the late Kate Furbish picked a flowering tip of it on Drake’s Island in Wells. Is it truly a fixed element in our flora or a casual adventive?

The authors of the projected Flora have undertaken a man-sized task, for the reconciliation of divergent views and the deduction from them of satisfac- tory solutions requires close study of many contradictory treatments and fully authentic specimens. Perhaps the use of only two signs (+ and —) to cover many different categories is not enough. In any state we have the abundant and dominating natives (Lycopodium clavatum, Abies balsamea, Calamagrostis canadensis, Nymphaea odorata, etc.); indigenous but localized species (Botry- chium Lunaria, Potamogeton confervoides, Agropyron pungens, Pedicularis Furbishiae, etc.); other indigenous plants not clearly established or but once found and now unknown (Carex rariflora, collected by Goodale on Mt. Ka- tahdin in 1862 and Anemone parviflora, recorded in 1862 by Goodale from Fort Kent but apparently not seen there by others—presumably a lapsus for A. multifida); intentionally introduced plants which are now well naturalized (Arrhenatherum elatius, Trifolium pratense, Pastinaca sativa); intentional intro- ductions as yet but slightly naturalized (Echinochloa frumentacea, Setaria italica, Dianthus plumarius); garden-plants spreading out of bounds (/ris pumila, Dianthus barbatus, Sempervivum tectorum); purposely introduced plants only casual and not persisting in the wild (Zea Mays, Solanum tubero- sum); adventive or foreign plants arriving without man’s wish but thoroughly naturalized (Digitaria sanguinalis, Rumex Acetosella, Chenopodium album); similarly adventive but only slightly naturalized (Hibiscus Trionum, Abutilon Theophrasti); viatical adventives, travelling largely along railroads and high- ways (Eragrostis multicaulis Steud. = E. peregrina Wieg., Erysimum inconspi- cuum, Lepidium ruderale, Linum usitatissimum); adventive but mostly casual, soon vanishing weeds of wool-waste (Bouteloua gracilis, Cenchrus longispinus, Medicago laciniata, Erodium moschatum, Artemisia ludoviciana var. Brittonii and an endless stream of others).

In view of the very many groups, as to their status in the region into which a local flora naturally divides itself, would it not be well to recognize at least some of these groupings (and perhaps others)? As the new Check-list now stands there is no indication as to whether the plants are native, intentionally introduced or adventive. The emblematic tree of Maine, Pinus Strobus, has the same sign as the most pestiferous of adventive weeds, like Rumex Aceto- sella or Hieracium aurantiacum; the beautiful and relatively rare native Cynoglossum boreale, the “fossil species”, Gingko biloba, planted in a few door- yards, species of Madia coming up in someone’s hen-yard from imported hen- feed, and the miserable Cenchrus pauciflorus, sprouting from burs clipped out of wool imported from Mexico or our Southwest, all have their status indi- cated by the same minus-sign. Surely some more realistic method of classify- ing the floristic elements would be useful.

These critical memoranda are made in the utmost friendliness. The present writer, born and brought up in Maine and for many years returning there, is, perhaps, so fond of the “State of Maine” and its flora as to be a bit disturbed when a publication upon them, which has been prepared with much evident close work, shows at many points neglect or oversight of many details which would have made it wholly authoritative. The projected Flora, we may be sure, will eliminate such questionable points.—M. L. F.

1949] Raymond,—Juncus Greenei and Rhus glabra 9

JUNCUS GREENEI AND RHUS GLABRA IN QUEBEC MaARCEL RAYMOND

Juncus Greenet Oakes & Tuckerman was found for the first time in Quebec, at Cap-de-la-Madeleine (St.-Maurice Co.), on August 20, 1947, during the foray of the Torrey Botanical Club. The rush grew in dense formations in a clearing, in a Pinus Banksiana barren.

Its rigid habit and its brown calyx give it a rather unusual aspect to one familiar with Quebec Junci. The distribution, as stated in Gray's Manual (7th ed., 1908): "sandy or barren soil, Me. to Vt. and N. J.; locally about the Great Lakes", tends to stamp it as a southern species which one would not expect to find as far north as reported herein. A specimen was sent to Professor M. L. FERNALD, who has been kind enough to com- municate the following note and observations: “Thank you for this fine sheet of Juncus Greeneit. It is the first we have had from Quebec and a great extension northward in this longitude. Although abundant on sterile sands, acidic rock and worn-out soils near the coast of New Jersey, Long Island and New England, the species reaches the sand-dunes of southwestern Nova Scotia at the northeast. In western Maine and in the White Mts. of New Hampshire, it ascends to bare granitic summits and slopes up to 3800 feet. It avoids the largely calcareous Green Mts. of Vermont but swings north to the southern and western borders of the Adirondack area of New York. Farther west it reappears on the north shore (Algoma Distr.) of Lake Huron, thence west into Minnesota, going south to sands along the Great Lakes, etc. in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Illinois. Your new station in St.-Maurice Co. suggests that it will turn up in more siliceous areas between there and Algoma”. (M. L. FERNALD, in litt. Feb. 24, 1948).

A careful revision of the material collected in the Ottawa river valley and labelled Juncus tenuis Willd. or J. macer S. F. Gray has so far proved fruitless. However, botanists in the Ottawa distriet should be on the lookout for this interesting species.

Actually, the region around Lake St. Peter, with its lengthy stretches of sand, serves as the northernmost limit for many

10 Rhodora [JANUARY

southern elements, 1. e.: Aster linariifolius L. var. Victorinii Fern., Carex Merritt-Fernaldii Mack., C. Muhlenbergii Schk., Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt., Convolvulus spithamaeus L., Cyperus filicul- mis Vahl var. macilentus Fern., Lechea intermedia Leggett var. laurentiana Hodgdon, Lilium philadelphicum L., Prunus susque- hanae Willd., to which list one should now add Juncus Greene? Oakes & Tuckerman.

Rhus glabra L. has been searched for in Quebec for a long time, and was at last found, in August 1947, in Farnham, Missisquoi Co. It grew on a sand-ridge close to a large bog remarkable for its rich flora: Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr., Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumont, Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. pseudopo- dum (Blake) Farwell, Utricularia geminiscapa Benj., Wood- wardia virginica (L.) J. E. Smith.

A party consisting of Messrs. Albert CouRTEMANCHE and Aubert HAMEL, of the Service de Biogéographie de l'Université de Montréal, and the author of this note, assisted Dr. J. E. Potzger of Butler University in the transportation of boring- equipment during his survey of the bogs of the province of Quebec. At Farnham, looking for a suitable path through which to cart the cumbersome instruments through the bog, two members of the group were stranded and sheepishly returned with the woeful tale that they had inadvertently walked through Rhus Vernix L.

Poison Sumach, however, is very rare in Quebec. It is known only from East (?) Templeton, in the Ottawa Valley, Laprairie, in the vicinity of Montreal, Ste. Victoire (Richelieu Co.) and St. Chrysostome (Huntingdon Co.).

After a careful search the author located about a hundred individuals of the harmless Rhus glabra L., the species itself a brand new addition to the flora of Quebec. As Rhus typhina L. surrounds the stand, the hybrid (X R. hybrida Rehder) may well turn up eventually.

The author wishes to thank Prof. M. L. FERNALD for permis- sion to use the phytogeographical indications he has given in his letter and to James Kucyniak, of the Montreal Botanical Gar- den, for his kind assistance with the drafting of this note.

MoNTREAL BoTANICAL GARDEN.

1949] Winterringer,—Salicornia europaea in Illinois 11

SALICORNIA EUROPAEA IN ILLINo1s.—After checking several sources of information it appears that Salicornia europaea L. had not been found in Illinois until last year. This plant of saline soil was collected by the writer in Cook County, Illinois, on September 2, 1948, and from the same locality again two weeks later. The specimens were collected in an area approximately one hundred feet by ten feet. Seven plants were observed in a casual inspection. The habitat of the plant is as follows: a muddy flat, frequently inundated, along the bank of the Little Calumet River at a point about 1200 feet west and 25 feet south of northeast corner of Section 8, T 36 N, R 14 E. This location is just north of the town of Harvey and about one quarter mile west of Halsted Street. This species of Salicornia has been attributed to Wisconsin,! but this is the first known collection in Illinois.

Since waterways connect Lake Michigan with Atlantic coastal waters and those of the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico, it seems likely that this plant is a recent introduction to our area. It is hardly possible that S. europaea L. is to be considered a relict as are some of the plants of the Great Lakes area. Hence the idea of introduction is a more plausible explanation of the occurrence of this plant in northern Illinois.

Chemical analysis, by O. W. Vogel of the Illinois State Water Survey Division, revealed that water saturating the soil has about ten times the normal mineral content of ordinary ground water in that area. Since the mineral content of this water is also many times that of Lake Michigan it is possible that the supply of chlorides and sulphates comes from some industrial source. Dr. L. T. Kurtz analyzed a soil sample and reported the pH to be 7.5.

Some other plants associated with the Illinois locality of Salicornia are: Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., E. walteri (Pursh) Heller, Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) BSP. Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host, Atriplex hastata L., and Cyperus erythro- rhizos Muhl.

Specimens have been deposited in the Herbarium of University of Illinois (No. 1588, 1599), as well as the Chicago Museum of Natural History (1588) and Gray Herbarium (1588).

!'W. C. Muenscher, Aquatic Plants of the United States, p. 219 (1944).

12 Rhodora [JANUARY

Verification of identity of specimens has been made by Pro- fessor G. Neville Jones and Dr. J. A. Steyermark.—GLen S. WINTERRINGER, Department of Botany, University of Illinois.

NOTES ON FOUR VIRGINIA PLANTS.—In one of the many narrow valleys of the Massanutten Mountain area in northern Virginia lies a small, but botanically interesting, bog.

The valley, varying in altitude from one thousand to twelve hundred feet, is flanked on either side by quartzite ridges and has been carved out by the wearing away of the less resistant shales and limestones that comprise the valley floor. These latter rocks supply the needs of lime-loving plants, while disintegrating sandstone, together with humus, meets the needs of the acid- loving ones.

The bog, lying within this valley, has an elevation of about one thousand feet. Its varied and interesting flora consists of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants.

Of the trees, Fraxinus nigra Marsh. is probably the one of greatest interest in this area. This northern species of Ash, as far as it is known, reaches its southern limit in Summers County, West Virginia. As far as I know, the station given in this paper is the only known one for this species in Virginia. "There are twenty-three or more trees of Fraxinus nigra within and on the borders of the bog. Clustered close about the base of one, which grows well within the bog, is a clump of Cypripedium reginae Walt., part of a small group of some forty-seven plants of this Cypripedium found in this locality, which, in turn, is one of the four known stations in Virginia for this northern orchid. All four of the stations are in the Massanutten area, two in Rocking- ham County, Virginia, two in Shenandoah County, Virginia.

Near the border of the bog a Black Ash shelters a group of twelve or more plants of Liparis Loeslii (L.) Richard, another northern orchid, this one very near the southern limits of its range.

A fourth plant of interest in this, as yet, incompletely explored bog, is Utricularia gibba L., a plant more commonly found inhabiting Coastal Plain areas. To C. O. Handley, Jr., of V. P. I., belongs the credit for having first found this Utricularia in this area.—LENA Artz, Waterlick, Virginia.

Volume 50, no. 600, including pages 285—326 and title-page of volume, was issued 22 December, 1948.

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Vol. 51. February, 1949, No. 602. CONTENTS: Monographic Studies on the Characeae. I. Emendation of

EN NNNM. E. D. Wood. .........-.. 5. s 13 Some Results of a Summer’s Botanizing in Oklahoma.

II i Sic ssh aos atta tavi Cai disi a 18 Polyploidy in Passiflora lutea. J. T. Baldwin, Jr. ............... 29 Does Dicranum arcticum occur in southern central Quebec?

James Kucyk. ois ooo cs ceed snnegesscies ee eee 29 Dicentra Cucullaria f. purpuritincta in Quebec. Marcel Raymond. 30 A most useful Series of Illustrations (Review). M.L.F........ 31 Dobydlum; a Correction. Ede. .......... edv duos 32

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Rhodora

Plate 1119

TZ

On Fig. 1, compact form, LECTOTYPE of N. Morongit

Photo, E, A, Robinson NiTELLA Monowxcir Allen, emend. Allen, X 1.2; fig. 2, typical form, E. T. Moul, no. 3173 (RDW), X 0.7; fig. 3, typical

form, TYPE of N. maxceana Allen, X 0.9.

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JOURNAL OF

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Vol. 51. February, 1949 No. 602

MONOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE CHARACEAE. I. EMENDATION OF NITELLA MORONGII

R. D. Woop (Plate 1119)

T. F. ALLEN (Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 14: 214. 1887) described a new species of Characeae, Nitella Morongii Allen, based on a collection cited as “. . . gathered by the Rev. Thos. Morong, on the Island of Nantucket, in a very muddy pool, July 21st, 1887." He later (The Characeae of America, part 2, fasc. 2: pl. 16. 1894. New York) illustrated the new species. Since Allen’s death in 1902, this species has caused certain taxonomic difficul- ties. Through the cooperation of M. S. Doty, the writer has had the opportunity to study a series of specimens from the Woods Hole region, and feels obligated to attempt to clarify the apparent facts about the species and summarize the information.

The collection made by Rev. Thomas Morong includes a series of possibly fifty specimens. This series is quite consistent, and duplicates which have been issued to various herbaria (including MISS, MIN, UC, FH)! are very good. The majority of speci- mens are fertile and mature, and exhibit about the same gross appearance. Among the specimens seen by the writer, none has been specified as the type. Further, the writer has been unable to discover the specimen from which the published drawing was

1 Abbreviations of herbarium names follow Lanjouw, Chron. Bot. 5: 142-50. 1939, with the exceptions of the private herbaria of W. R. Taylor (WRT), M. S. Doty

(MSD), E. T. Moul (ETM), the writer’s herbarium (RDW), and the herbarium of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. (MBL).

14 Rhodora [FEBRUARY

made; but a photograph of N. Morongii apparently by T. F. Allen is extant in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, accompanied by its original specimen. For this reason, the writer has selected this specimen as the type, and has designated the specimen as follows: “rype (lectotype), Thomas Morong no. 4, July 21, 1887. In a very muddy pool on the roadside, near Siasconset, Nantucket" (NY) (Fria. 1).

During July, 1947, the writer visited Nantucket, and sought the type locality of this species. Opposite Bloomingdale on the Siasconset Road are no small pools. On this, the east side, was a small Sphagnum bog completely covered by a mat; and somewhat farther south was an extensive Typha swamp. On the west side of the road was a cattle hole. None of these fit the description of the type locality, and it